In the Matter of David Connelly and Kimberly Kivela

THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

SUPREME COURT

In Case No. 2019-0343, In the Matter of David Connelly and
Kimberly Kivela, the court on April 1, 2020, issued the following
order:

Because the respondent’s brief does not contain proper citations to the
record and refers to facts that are not supported by the record and evidence
that is not part of the record, the motion to strike the respondent’s brief is
granted. See Sup. Ct. R. 16(3)(d), (4)(a), (9); Mahmoud v. Irving Oil Corp., 155
N.H. 405, 406-07 (2007). Accordingly, the court will not consider the brief filed
by the respondent. Nor will the court consider the reply brief filed by the
petitioner. See Panas v. Harakis & K-Mart Corp., 129 N.H. 591, 617 (1987)
(stating that a reply brief may only respond to the opposing party’s brief).

Having considered the petitioner’s opening brief and the record
submitted on appeal, we conclude that oral argument is unnecessary in this
case. See Sup. Ct. R. 18(1). The petitioner, David Connelly (father), appeals a
final parenting plan entered by the Circuit Court (DalPra, M., approved by
Stephen, J.), following a three-day hearing, governing the parties’ rights and
responsibilities with respect to their two children. In the parenting plan, the
trial court established a routine schedule whereby during the school year, the
father would have parenting time two out of every three weekends from
Thursday after school until Sunday at 7:00 p.m., and during the summer, on
alternating weeks.1 On appeal, he argues that the trial court erred by
establishing a schedule pursuant to which, during the school year, the children
reside primarily with the respondent, Kimberly Kivela (mother), and the father
has “11 consecutive days once per month without parenting time.” We affirm.

The trial court has broad discretion in matters involving parenting rights
and responsibilities. In the Matter of Miller & Todd, 161 N.H. 630, 640 (2011).
Its overriding concern in such matters is the best interest of the child. Id.

1 Since this appeal was filed, the trial court has provided this court with orders addressing

post-appeal motions that amend the final parenting plan, including an order issued on
January 2, 2020 that amends the parenting plan, “pending further hearing,” so as to grant the
father parenting time “two out of three weekends,” from Friday after school until Monday
morning. We note that neither party has argued that, in light of subsequent amendments to
the parenting plan, this appeal is moot. Accordingly, we will assume, without deciding, that
the appeal is not moot. We note further that the only parenting plan that is the subject of this
appeal is the final parenting plan issued on April 18, 2019; we will not consider any post-
appeal amendments to the final parenting plan in deciding this appeal.
 RSA 461-A:6, I (Supp. 2019), codifies the best interest standard, setting
forth several factors that the trial court is required to consider, including:

(a) The relationship of the child with each parent and the
ability of each parent to provide the child with nurture, love,
affection, and guidance.

(b) The ability of each parent to assure that the child
receives adequate food, clothing, shelter, medical care, and a safe
environment.

(c) The child’s developmental needs and the ability of each
parent to meet them, both in the present and in the future.

(d) The quality of the child’s adjustment to the child’s
school and community and the potential effect of any change.

(e) The ability and disposition of each parent to foster a
positive relationship and frequent and continuing physical,
written, and telephonic contact with the other parent, including
whether contact is likely to result in harm to the child or to a
parent.

(f) The support of each parent for the child’s contact with
the other parent as shown by allowing and promoting such
contact, including whether contact is likely to result in harm to the
child or to a parent.

(g) The support of each parent for the child’s relationship
with the other parent, including whether contact is likely to result
in harm to the child or to a parent.

(h) The relationship of the child with any other person
who may significantly affect the child.

(i) The ability of the parents to communicate, cooperate
with each other, and make joint decisions concerning the children,
including whether contact is likely to result in harm to the child or
to a parent.

...

(l) The policy of the state regarding the determination of
parental rights and responsibilities described in RSA 461-A:2.

(m) Any other additional factors the court deems relevant.

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RSA 461-A:6, I; see Miller & Todd, 161 N.H. at 640 (stating that trial court
must consider factors under RSA 461-A:6, I, in determining best interest). The
“policy of the state regarding the determination of parental rights and
responsibilities,” RSA 461-A:6, I(l), includes “[s]upport[ing] frequent and
continuing contact between each child and both parents,” “encourag[ing]
parents to share in the rights and responsibilities of raising their children,”
and “grant[ing] parents and courts the widest discretion in developing a
parenting plan.” RSA 461-A:2, I(a), (b), & (d) (2018).

We have recognized “that a child’s best interests are served when a trial
court has broad discretion to consider all factors bearing on the child’s welfare
and is not compelled to treat any single factor as dispositive of the inquiry.” In
re Name Change of Goudreau, 164 N.H. 335, 338 (2012). Moreover, nothing in
the statute, absent a party’s request, obligates the trial court to issue express
findings of fact relative to those factors. See RSA 461-A:6, VII (Supp. 2019)
(requiring trial court, “[a]t the request of an aggrieved party,” to “set forth the
reasons for its decision in a written order” (Emphasis added.)); cf. In the Matter
of Kurowski & Kurowski, 161 N.H. 578, 598-99 (2011) (observing that the
factors considered by the trial court in resolving a parenting dispute were
consistent with the factors set forth in RSA 461-A:6, I). Rather, we generally
assume that the trial court made all subsidiary findings necessary to support
its general ruling, including a finding that a parenting plan is in a child’s best
interest. In the Matter of Kosek & Kosek, 151 N.H. 722, 725 (2005).

We will not overturn the trial court’s ruling on a parenting petition
absent an unsustainable exercise of discretion. Miller & Todd, 161 N.H. at
630; see State v. Lambert, 147 N.H. 295, 296 (2001) (explaining unsustainable
exercise of discretion standard). This standard of review means that we review
only whether the record establishes an objective basis sufficient to sustain the
trial court’s discretionary judgments, and will not disturb its determinations if
they reasonably could have been made. Miller & Todd, 161 N.H. at 640;
Lambert, 147 N.H. at 296. To establish that the trial court unsustainably
exercised its discretion, the father must demonstrate that its rulings were
clearly untenable or unreasonable to the prejudice of his case. Lambert, 147
N.H. at 296.

In reviewing the trial court’s discretionary rulings, we defer to its
judgment on issues such as resolving conflicts in testimony, evaluating the
credibility of witnesses, and determining the weight of the evidence presented.
In the Matter of Aube & Aube, 158 N.H. 459, 465 (2009). The trial court is free
to accept or reject, in whole or in part, the testimony of any witness, and is not
required to believe even uncontested evidence. Id. at 466.

The record establishes that the mother separated from the father in late
2016, and moved with the children approximately an hour away from the

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father’s home in Salem to her mother’s residence in Marblehead,
Massachusetts, where she has a support network. The move occurred around
the time of the older child’s third birthday, and when the younger child was
approximately six months old. Since that time, the children have resided
primarily with the mother in Marblehead, for the first year-and-a-half in their
grandmother’s home, and for the remaining time in a separate apartment that
the mother rents for herself and the children.2

At the time of trial, the older child had been attending preschool in the
Marblehead area for two years, and would be attending kindergarten in the fall.
At the kindergarten where she would attend in Marblehead, the older child
would be classmates with “a lot of friends” she had made in the community,
including children with whom she had attended preschool. Additionally, the
mother testified that both children were involved in other activities in the
community, such as soccer, swimming lessons, and dance classes, that she
takes the children to a nearby beach, and that the children love Marblehead.
The guardian ad litem (GAL) described the area of Marblehead in which the
children live as “a really nice area” that is walkable, “like an in-town, seaside
kind of place,” and described their Marblehead apartment as a “[c]lean,
sanitary,” and child-proofed three-bedroom apartment with sufficient “storage
for personal items,” “clothing,” and age-appropriate toys. The GAL opined that
the parties lived “too far apart . . . to have a shared parenting schedule when
[the older child] enters kindergarten,” and recommended that the children
continue to reside primarily with the mother, and that the older child attend
kindergarten in Marblehead. Both children, according to the GAL, were “doing
very well.”

According to the mother’s testimony, she has significant flexibility in her
employment as a freelance graphic designer that allows her to work primarily
from home, and to schedule time in the office, when necessary, at times when
the children are not in her care. The mother also testified that the children’s
maternal grandmother, who lives nearby, assists her in caring for the children,
including when she has to go into the office for work. Despite the father’s
claims at trial and on appeal that the mother cannot afford to live in
Marblehead, the evidence establishes that she had been living there with the
children for almost two-and-a-half years at the time of trial, and had been
renting a three-bedroom apartment there for approximately a year prior to trial.

2 Throughout the case, the temporary parenting plan granted the mother primary residential

responsibility. With respect to the father’s parenting time, the temporary plan initially
established a routine schedule under which he had parenting time every other weekend from
Friday at 2 p.m. until Sunday at 7 p.m. (unless he could work from home on Friday, in which
case his weekend parenting time would begin on Thursday afternoon), and every Wednesday
from 5 p.m. until 7 p.m. After the father’s employment changed in 2018, the temporary
parenting plan was amended to provide him with parenting time every other weekend from
Thursday at 8 a.m. until Monday at 8 a.m., and every week from Thursday at 8 a.m. until
Friday at 5 p.m.

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 The evidence at trial additionally establishes that, throughout the case,
the parties have had significant difficulty co-parenting. The mother described
the father as exhibiting hostility and aggression toward her during exchanges
in front of the children. During one particular exchange, the father slammed a
door in the mother’s face in front of the children, resulting in the local police
being called to assist in the exchange and causing significant distress to the
parties’ older child.

At trial, the GAL testified on March 14, 2019, concerning her
recommendation that the father have parenting time every Tuesday and
Thursday from 2:00 p.m. until 7:00 p.m., and every other weekend from
Thursday at 2:00 p.m. until Sunday at 7:00 p.m. Following the GAL’s
testimony, the presiding marital master made several observations, including
that, because the parties live an hour apart, “a lot of midweek exchanges” with
alternating weekends would become “unduly disruptive” to the children,
particularly after they began school. The marital master then stated that he
would “like to see Counsel” while “everybody else would just go out for a few
minutes,” and that “[w]e’ll go off the record while I’ll speak with them.”

On the following hearing day, after the father had rested, the mother
submitted an amended proposed parenting plan “based on the Court’s
comments at the last break, discussions with the GAL.” She testified that she
had amended her parenting plan to “reflect” “the last time we were in court,”
that she had “changed the Friday to Monday to Thursday to Sunday,” and that,
under her amended plan, the father “would have three weekends a month,
from Thursday to Sunday.” At the close of testimony on that day, the GAL also
submitted an amended parenting plan, and the following discussion ensued:

[GAL]: . . . [W]hen we had spoke[n] the last time we were
here I changed the language in my parenting plan, so it was more
clear. And then [the mother’s attorney] left me a quick phone mail
reminding me about what you discussed with us, with the three
attorneys about the three weekends. So I added that in writing at
the bottom.

Just at the bottom I wrote – you can have this additional
scheduling, as discussed with the Court at 3/14 hearing, Father
every first, second, and third weekend each month, from Thursday
at 2 until Sunday at 7. That was discussed –

[Father’s counsel]: Right.

–between the three of us.

[Father’s counsel]: But if I’m clear that it’s still –

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 [Father’s counsel]: – every single Tuesday to Thursday, right?

[Mother’s counsel]: No.

[GAL]: Right, what I had testified to, correct.

[Father’s counsel]: But that’s not the Court that spoke to us.

[GAL]: Right. That’s what the writing is (indiscernible).

[Father’s counsel]: That’s what you’ve proposed.

THE COURT: Whatever it says, it says.

[GAL]: So I support – well, I would support both. I would
support both, what the Court had suggested, and then what my
original recommendation was, which was –

...

[GAL]: – the Tuesdays and Thursdays.

At trial, the father advocated for a parenting plan that would have
granted him residential responsibility during the week and every other
weekend. If the mother returned to Salem, he asserted that the parties could
adopt an equal parenting schedule. In rejecting this proposal, the trial court
found that the children have adapted to Marblehead, that “[a] parenting [p]lan
that is least disruptive to the children is in their best interests,” that “given the
approaching school issues, [the children] should remain in the Marblehead
area,” and that “it is in the best interests of the children to remain in the
Marblehead, MA area.” The trial court additionally found that both parents
love the children, “want what is best for them,” and are “able to properly
address the children’s physical well-being,” but that “[t]heir constant conflict
and refusal to treat one another with civility are stumbling blocks to
consistently meet the children’s emotional and psychological needs—especially
when one considers the children’s observations of the exchanges in which the
parties engage.” Thus, the trial court adopted a parenting plan that grants the
father parenting time every two of three weekends from Thursday through
Sunday during the school year and every other week during the summer, and
grants the parties the right to phone or video-chat with the children twice per
week.3 The trial court observed that this parenting plan “addresses [the

3 Although the GAL had recommended a provision allowing a parent to video-chat or phone the

children on a daily basis, there was evidence that the unavailability of the children to talk or
video-chat during previously-scheduled times in the case had led to conflicts between the
parties, including calls to the police and contempt motions.

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father’s] concern for frequent and consistent contact with the children,” and
that “[p]arents can maintain their relationships [with] their children with
consistent contact, even if the schedule is not strictly equal.”

On appeal, the father argues that “the overwhelming amount of the
evidence . . . supported that the children should live primarily with [him] in
Salem.” In arguing that “Salem is the more appropriate place for the children
to live,” the father relies upon: (1) evidence concerning the size of his home in
Salem and the fact that it is not encumbered by a mortgage; (2) testimony
regarding the children’s various activities and experiences in Salem; (3) his
claims at trial, unsupported by any expert testimony or independent empirical
evidence, that Salem has a lower cost of living and lower crime rate than
Marblehead; (4) a single statement in an argument captured in a text-message
exchange between the parties that he characterizes as the mother’s
“acknowledge[ment] [that] she cannot afford to live in Marblehead”; and (5) the
fact that the mother’s apartment is subject to a month-to-month lease. The
trial court was free, however, to weigh the evidence, reject some, even
uncontradicted evidence, and draw its own conclusions. Aube, 158 N.H. at
465-66.

The evidence at trial, including the testimony of both the mother and the
GAL, supports the trial court’s findings that both parents love the children and
are able to provide for their needs, that the children have adapted to
Marblehead, and that, because the older child was about to begin
kindergarten, it was in the children’s best interests to remain in Marblehead.
Indeed, by the time of trial, the children had been residing primarily with the
mother in Marblehead for almost two-and-a-half years, or for most of the
younger child’s life and nearly half of the older child’s life. The older child had
been attending preschool in the Marblehead area for two years with friends
who would become her classmates in kindergarten. The GAL had opined that
the children were “doing very well,” and recommended that they continue to
reside primarily with the mother in Marblehead and that the older child attend
kindergarten in Marblehead.4 Moreover, in light of the history of conflict
between the parties witnessed by the children during exchanges, the trial court
reasonably could have concluded that a parenting schedule that minimized
exchanges was in the children’s best interests.

To the extent that the father argues that the trial court “appears [to have]
misunderstood the parties’ temporary parenting plan which was in effect at the
time of trial” because, in its narrative order, the court described the original
temporary parenting plan, and not a subsequently-amended version of it, in

4 We reject the father’s argument that, merely because there was evidence that the children

were not present when the GAL visited the mother’s Marblehead apartment, the trial court
erred as a matter of law by relying upon her testimony in finding that the children had adapted
to Marblehead. See Aube, 158 N.H. at 465-66.

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summarizing “the current routine schedule,” we note that the father brought
the discrepancy to the trial court’s attention in a motion for reconsideration,
and that the trial court, in denying the motion, indicated that it had reviewed
it. Moreover, the father has not established how the error in describing “the
current routine schedule” in the narrative order is prejudicial. Lambert, 147
N.H. at 296. Although he argues that, because there will be “an 11 day period
each month without [the father] having parenting time,” the parenting plan
violates the public policy of “[s]upport[ing] frequent and continuing contact
between each child and both parents,” RSA 461-A:2, I(a), we note that the
parenting plan grants the father three-day weekends with the children for two
out of every three weekends during the school year, grants him equal parenting
time during the summer months, and grants him the right to call or video chat
with the children twice per week. Although the parents may not have equal
parenting time under the parenting plan during the school year, we conclude
that the parenting plan does, in fact, “support frequent and continuing contact
between each child and” the father.

Upon this record, we cannot say that the parenting plan issued by the
trial court was clearly untenable or unreasonable to the prejudice of the
father’s case. Lambert, 147 N.H. at 296.

Affirmed.

Hicks, Bassett, Hantz Marconi, and Donovan, JJ., concurred.

Timothy A. Gudas,
Clerk

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