Steven J. Cohen v. John Raymond & a.

THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

SUPREME COURT

In Case No. 2016-0459, Steven J. Cohen v. John Raymond
& a., the court on March 10, 2017, issued the following order:

Having considered the briefs and record submitted on appeal, we
conclude that oral argument is unnecessary in this case. See Sup. Ct. R. 18(1).
We affirm.

Defendant John Raymond appeals an order of the Superior Court
(McNamara, J.), on remand from our opinion in Cohen v. Raymond, 168 N.H.
366 (2015), ruling that the plaintiff, Steven J. Cohen, is entitled to restitution.
We review the grant of restitution for an unsustainable exercise of discretion.
See Axenics, Inc. v. Turner Constr. Co., 164 N.H. 659, 669 (2013). To establish
that the trial court unsustainably exercised its discretion, Raymond must
demonstrate that its ruling was clearly unreasonable or untenable to the
prejudice of his case. Id. Although the award of equitable relief is within the
trial court’s sound discretion, the court must exercise its discretion in
accordance with established principles of law. Id. We will uphold the trial
court’s findings unless they lack evidentiary support or are legally erroneous,
Brooks v. Allen, 168 N.H. 707, 711 (2016), deferring to the trial court on issues
such as resolving conflicts in the testimony, assessing the credibility of the
witnesses, and determining the weight to be given to the evidence presented at
trial, Cook v. Sullivan, 149 N.H. 774, 780 (2003).

The facts of this case are more fully summarized in Cohen, 168 N.H. at
367-68. The case concerns the parties’ competing claims of entitlement to
$250,000, which Cohen paid into an investment account in Raymond’s name
when Raymond was married to Cohen’s step-daughter. The trial court found
that at that time, the parties had planned to go into business together, and
that the $250,000 was intended to be “seed money” for purposes of the future
business. The present case began after Raymond and Cohen’s step-daughter
decided to divorce, and after Raymond withdrew $50,000 from the account.

Cohen filed suit, asserting claims for breach of contract and unjust
enrichment, and alleging that the $250,000 payment constituted a loan.
Raymond countered that the payment constituted a gift. Following a bench
trial, the trial court initially ruled in favor of Cohen on the basis that, although
the $250,000 constituted a gift, it was conditioned upon its use in the planned
business, a condition that Raymond violated by withdrawing money from the
account. The trial court subsequently granted Raymond’s motion for
reconsideration, and after a second bench trial, ruled in favor of Raymond on
the basis that under Chamberlin v. Chamberlin, 116 N.H. 368, 370-71 (1976),
the $250,000 was presumptively a gift, and that Cohen had not overcome the
presumption. We vacated the trial court’s order, holding that the Chamberlin
presumption does not apply when the sole grantee of the property is merely the
grantor’s in-law, and remanded for the trial court to consider Cohen’s contract
and unjust enrichment claims in the absence of the Chamberlin presumption.
Cohen, 168 N.H. at 369-72.

On remand, the trial court again found that the $250,000 was a gift, and
that, although the parties had planned to go into business together, and
although Raymond was aware that Cohen intended the gift to be “seed money”
for the business, at no point did Cohen expressly condition the gift upon its
use in the business. Nevertheless, the trial court ruled that Raymond would be
unjustly enriched were he to retain the gift, and that Cohen was entitled to
restitution under New Hampshire principles of quasi-contract.

In so ruling, the trial court relied upon the Restatement (Third) of
Restitution and Unjust Enrichment, which provides: “A transfer induced by
fraud or material misrepresentation is subject to rescission and restitution.
The transferee is liable in restitution as necessary to avoid unjust enrichment.”
Restatement (Third) of Restitution and Unjust Enrichment § 13(1), at 165
(2011). The trial court observed that, under this provision, a misrepresentation
that is innocent but material may give rise to restitution. See id. cmt. c at 167-
68. The trial court further relied upon Gikas v. Nicholis, 96 N.H. 177, 178
(1950), in which we held that, regardless of whether the gift of an engagement
ring is expressly conditioned upon the marriage ensuing, “[s]uch a condition
may be implied in fact or imposed by law in order to prevent unjust
enrichment.” Like the gratuitous transfer of an engagement ring induced by a
promise to marry, the trial court reasoned that Cohen’s gift was induced by
Raymond’s representation that the parties would go into business together,
and that, regardless of whether that representation was innocent, “it would be
unjust to allow Raymond to benefit from a broken promise.”

On appeal, Raymond first argues that the trial court’s findings that the
$250,000 was a gift and that Cohen did not expressly condition it upon its use
in the future business precluded an award of restitution as a matter of law. In
support of this argument, Raymond relies upon Ohmer v. Ohmer, 149 Ohio
Misc. 2d 60 (Ct. Com. Pl. 2008), an Ohio trial court decision that the parties
cited in their prior appeal. Raymond further argues that the trial court erred
by basing restitution upon a material misrepresentation because: (1) this court
has not yet adopted § 13 of the Restatement (Third) of Restitution and Unjust
Enrichment; (2) Cohen did not plead a material misrepresentation; (3) “the trial
court cited no testimony of Raymond’s that constituted an ‘affirmative
representation’ or ‘promise’”; (4) Raymond did not solicit the $250,000; and (5)
Cohen offered “shifting explanations about the funds” in the trial court that
“undermine any finding that Raymond made an affirmative representation or

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promise to Cohen.” We note, however, that Raymond does not address the trial
court’s express reliance upon Gikas, or its conclusion that § 13 of the
Restatement (Third) of Restitution and Unjust Enrichment is consistent with
Gikas and New Hampshire law on restitution. We further note that Cohen in
fact pleaded a claim sounding in restitution, and that Raymond did not move to
reconsider on the basis that Cohen did not plead a material misrepresentation.
See Super. Ct. Civ. R. 12(e); N.H. Dep’t of Corrections v. Butland, 147 N.H. 676,
679 (2002) (issues that could not have been raised prior to trial court’s decision
on the merits must be raised in motion for reconsideration).

As the appealing party, Raymond has the burden of demonstrating
reversible error. Gallo v. Traina, 166 N.H. 737, 740 (2014). Based upon our
review of the trial court’s well-reasoned order, Raymond’s challenges to it, the
relevant law, and the record submitted on appeal, we conclude that Raymond
has not demonstrated reversible error. See id.

Affirmed.

Dalianis, C.J., and Hicks and Conboy, JJ., concurred.

Eileen Fox,
Clerk

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